REPORTED SPEECH - UPRAVNI I NEUPRAVNI GOVOR

Indirektni govor

Indirektni govor (reported speech) je prepričavanje onog što je neko rekao. U engleskom jeziku kod indirektnog govora dolazi do određenih promena u rečenici prilikom prebacivanja rečenice iz direktnog u indirektni govor.

Rečenicu u indirektnom govoru počinjemo subjektom i uvodnim glagolom (reporting verb) - say, tell, explain, warn, complain, demand, interrupt, insist, admit, ask...

Statements (izjavne, potvrdne rečenice u indirektnom govoru)

1. Kada je kod ovih rečenica uvodni glagol u vremenu Present Simple, vreme glavnog glagola (reported verb) se ne menja: 

"I am watching TV."
She says she is watching TV.

2. Kada je kod ovih rečenica uvodni glagol u vremenu Past Simple, vreme glavnog glagola se pomera za jedno vreme unazad, što znači da dolazi do slaganja vremena, odnosno do sledeće promene vremena:

Present    (simple, continuous) →    Past (simple, continuous)

Present Perfect   (simple, continuous) →      Past Perfect (simple, continuous)

Past     (simple, continuous)   →    Past Perfect

"I am watching TV."
She said she was watching TV.

3. Modalni glagoli may, can i will prelaze u might, could i would kod slaganja vremena. Ostali modalni glagoli se ne menjaju prilikom promene vremena u indirektnom govoru.

"She can type well."
He told me she could type well.

"You should go to bed."
He told her she should go to bed.

4. Prilikom promene iz direktnog u indirektni govor, osim glagola, dolazi do promene zamenica, iz jednog lica u drugo (za prepričavanje), dolazi i do promene objekatskih zamenica koje u indirektnom govoru postaju subjekatske.

"I called you on Monday."
She told she had called us on Monday.

I  →  She

you  →  us

Više o objekatskim i subjekatskim zamenicama pogledajte u lekciji o zamenicama.

5. U indirektnom govoru dolazi i do promena određenih vremeniskih izraza.

I bought the phone today.

He said he had bought the phone that day.

Examples of the main changes in tense:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present He said: "I am happy"	Simple Past He said that he was happy
Present Progressive He said: "I'm looking for my keys"	Past Progressive He said that he was looking for his keys
Simple Past He said: "I visited New York last year"	Past Perfect Simple He said that he had visited New York the previous year.
Present Perfect He said: " I've lived here for a long time "	Past Perfect He said that he had lived there for a long time
Past Perfect He said: "They had finished the work when I arrived"	Past Perfect He said that they had finished the work when he had arrived"
Past Progressive He said: "I was playing football when the accident occurred"	Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been playing football when the accident had occurred
Present Perfect Progressive He said:"I have been playing football for two hours."	Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been playing football for two hours
Past Perfect Progressive He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when the light went off"	Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been reading a newspaper when the light had gone off
Future Simple (will+verb) He said: "I will open the door."	Conditional (would+verb) He said that he would open the door.
Conditional (would+verb) He said: "I would buy Mercedes if I were rich"	Conditional (would+verb) He said that he would buy Mercedes if he had been rich"

Ispod možete pogledati tabelu u kojoj se vide promene vremeniskih izraza u indirektnom govoru u engleskom jeziku.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
today	that day
now	then
yesterday	the day before
… days ago	… days before
last week	the week before
next year	the following year
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
here	there
this	that
these	those

U engleskom jeziku, postoje posebna pravila za potvrdne i odrične rečenice (objašnjenja iznad), a druga pravila se primenjuju za upitne rečenice i zahteve.

Questions (pitanja u indirektnom govoru)

1. Pravila za slaganje vremena kod pitanja u indirektnom govoru, su ista kao i kod izjavnih rečenica. 

2. Red reči u indirektnim pitanjima je isti kao u potvrdnoj rečenici, dakle nema inverzije koja se inače koristi za pravljenje rečenica u upitnom obliku.

He asks: "Where does Tom live?"

I asks where Tom lives.

Iako je upotrebljena inverzija i pomoćni glagol u upitnoj rečenici, kada se ta rečenica prepričava korišćenjem indirektog govora, red reči se vraća u potvrdan oblik. Dakle upitan oblik vremena Present Simple (does Tom live) prelazi u potvrdan oblik vremena Present Simple (Tom lives).

He asked: "When does the bus leave?"

He asked when the bus left.

U ovom primeru, uvodni glagol je u prošlom vremenu, što znači da dolazi do slaganja vremena, a uz to treba i vratiti red reči kao za potvrdnu rečenicu pošto se radi o indirektnom pitanju.

3. Ako u rečenici postoji upitna reč (what, where, when...) ona se upotrebljava u

 indirektnom pitanju. Ako nema upitne reči koristi se if ili whether.

She asked me what I was doing.
I don’t know if I’m coming or not.
I wonder whether it’s going to rain.

4. Osim glagola ask koji se često koristi, evo još nekih načini za uvođenje indirektnih pitanja:

Could you tell me       
Do you know                  
Have you any idea           
Do you remember               
Would you mind telling me
Do you happen to know   
I don’t know                     
I wonder                           
I can’t remember              
I have no idea                      
I would like to know 

Reported commands, requests... (zahtevi, naredbe u indirektnom govoru)

1. U indirektnim rečenicama, kada se izražava neki zahtev, naređenje, savet... koristi se sledeći obrazac za potvrdne rečenice:

           verb   +  person  +    to   +   infinitive

They     told           us            to            go         away.

2. Za odrične rečenice koristi se sledeći obrazac:

     verb   +   person +  not   +   to    +  infinitive
 

 He told     me        not         to       tell     anyone.

PREUZETO SA    https://englishlane.net/lekcije/13-indirektni-govor

A SADA MALO VEZBICE  - EXERCISES

COMMANDS , REQUESTS   - NAREDBE, ZAHTEVI


1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands.htm


2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands_negations.htm

STATEMENTS   -  IZJAVE


1. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/statements.htm

2. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/statements2.htm


QUESTIONS  - PITANJA

1.https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/questions.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/sentences.htm

2.  https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/questions2.htm


SLAGANJE VREMENA, PROMENA ZAMENICA I JOS PONESTO....

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/time_phrases.htm

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/pronouns.htm


https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/sentences.htm

AKO VAM JE DOSADNO IMA JOS......

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?02

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?07

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?08